Introduction: The heavy metals in air pollution particles are iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and so on. These metals can contribute…
Epidemiologic studies have shown the health risks of exposure to cigarette smoke and air pollution, with heavy metal composition implicated as contributing to both. Environmental exposure to cigarette smoke has…
Abstract Cleanup goals for the contaminated sites are established on the basis of risk assessments and rely on the estimated toxicity of the chemicals of concern (COC). Toxicity estimates are…
Abstract We have employed an estrogen receptor dependent transcriptional expression assay and E-Screen assay systems to evaluate the estrogenicity of various heavy metals and their species. Using the former, the…