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Identifying neural, hormonal, renal, and vascular mechanisms that cause system hypertension has led to the development of diagnostics, drugs, and devices for the treatment of hypertension during the past many decades. These successes have led to a decrease in the rate of stroke and contributed to the decrease in cardiovascular disease in the general population. However, in spite of the new discoveries, 20% of patients diagnosed with hypertension remain hypertensive with an increase in risk of cardiovascular disease.1 There is ample evidence that the central nervous system is altered by hypertension. The precise mechanisms of how all the various systems interact to cause hypertension still remain unclear.